According to the pathogenesis, liver disease types can be divided into viral liver disease and non-viral liver disease:
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| What are the types of liver diseases? What are the symptoms of liver disease? |
Non-viral liver diseases include the following:
- Alcoholic liver disease: It is a liver injury disease caused by long-term heavy drinking (drinking alcohol).
- Drug or toxic liver disease: Toxic hepatitis is a liver disease caused by chemical poisons (such as phosphorus, arsenic, carbon tetrachloride, etc.), drugs or biotoxins.
- Metabolic abnormal liver disease: liver disease caused by poor metabolism of certain substances in the body.
- Fatty liver disease: refers to a lesion of excessive accumulation of fat in liver cells due to various reasons. It leads to an increase in the fat content of liver cells, which may be caused by alcoholism, diabetes, excessive blood fat, and overweight.
Liver disease symptoms
1. Digestive tract performance: This is the most common symptoms of liver disease, most liver diseases will appear, such as: nausea, irritability, poor appetite, general malaise, etc., may appear vomiting, diarrhea, splenomegaly and other symptoms. Such symptoms may also be related to hepatic ulcer disease caused by chronic liver disease, portal hypertensive enteropathy.
2. Liver discomfort: in all liver disease symptoms, liver area discomfort and liver area pain is more specific, the first suspected of liver disease caused by such symptoms, should exclude the trauma factor. Occasionally, normal people also have temporary liver pain and discomfort, which is relatively rare. Liver discomfort and pain in the liver area are often associated with hepatomegaly pressing the liver capsule. As the disease progresses, the hepatomegaly is aggravated or reduced, and the nature and extent of pain in the liver area are also different. Liver cancer is generally progressive, mainly due to the continuous increase in liver cancer and the compression of the liver capsule.
3. Systemic performance: physical fatigue, fatigue is the most common systemic performance. Some patients with liver disease may be accompanied by varying degrees of jaundice, which is characterized by yellow urine, yellow eyes and yellow skin. It is the most specific symptom of liver disease (except for pediatric physiological jaundice). Itching of the skin occurs when the jaundice is too high.
4. Liver palm spider mites: many chronic liver disease will appear liver palm, spider mites, liver disease face, especially cirrhosis patients are more common. However, liver palm and spider mites have no specificity and can be seen in normal people. Therefore, it is not possible to have spider mites or liver palms.
5. Liver ascites: liver ascites usually occurs in the late stage of liver disease or when the condition is extremely serious, such as liver cirrhosis, liver ascites has indicated that it has entered the advanced stage of cirrhosis.
6. Bleeding tendency: liver disease bleeding phenomenon is reflected in liver function decline, resulting in decreased synthesis of coagulation factors. It is easy to cause bleeding in the gums of patients with liver disease, bleeding of hemorrhoids, bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract, etc., and it is difficult to stop bleeding.
7. Portal hypertension: portal hypertension refers to the pressure of the portal system. Often caused by esophageal varices, is the main cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Once bleeding occurs, combined with bleeding tends to be more dangerous, is one of the main causes of death of liver disease (mainly referred to as cirrhosis, advanced liver cancer).
8. Hepatic encephalopathy: This is the performance of liver disease to the end of the period, the symptoms are extremely dangerous, is the most important cause of liver disease death.
Early symptoms of liver disease
- Dark complexion: Unlike sun tanned skin, the face is dull and dull; in addition, severe dark circles are early symptoms of chronic liver disease, most of which are chronic hepatitis B.
- Yellowing of the skin: People who have never had hepatitis, early symptoms of liver disease patients after chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, liver pain, extreme fatigue, sudden appearance of yellow eyes and skin, it indicates that acute jaundice hepatitis; If jaundice occurs in patients with chronic hepatitis, it indicates that the condition is aggravated.
- Liver palm: It is very different from the color of the palm of an ordinary person. The color of the palm of an ordinary person is ruddy, and the palm of a patient with liver disease is white and bloodless.
- Spider mites: There is a red dot in the middle, and there is a bloody filament around it. It is similar to the symptoms after mosquito bites. When one end of the sputum is pressed with a thin rod, the whole sputum disappears, and it will appear after release. The early symptoms of this liver disease patient can be Identification of other vasospasm. According to reports, males have spider mites on the surface, and 85% of them have different degrees of liver tissue lesions, of which about 30% are cirrhosis.
Three principles for treating liver disease
The first is anti-virus. The second is to improve immunity. The third to restore liver function, master these three principles, hepatitis B can talk about the problem of turning negative. Restoring liver function is not only to restore liver detoxification, but also to improve detoxification in pathological changes. It is not feasible to treat hepatitis B by simply importing "chitosan" from Japan. It is not a drug after all, it is a kind of improving immunity. With better antiviral drugs, many hepatitis B patients have turned negative. The scholars of the Ministry of Health also talked about mastering these three principles, and the rate of negative conversion can be as high as 20%.
The latest research on hepatitis B believes that there are two kinds of changes in hepatitis B liver cells. After a problem occurs in the autoimmune system, the virus overflows from the cell membrane and then enters the plasma, causing the autoimmune antigen-antibody complex to form after the hepatocytes. Damage has occurred: another finding is that hepatitis B virus is parasitic in liver cells. Why medical treatment of viral diseases is difficult, because the general drugs only act on the receptors of the cell membrane, and it is difficult to enter the cells. Hepatitis B virus enters the liver cells, and when the liver function is not reduced, it becomes a virus carrier. This is the reason for AIDS carriers. HIV is parasitic in immune cells, but it has not affected many functions. The virus is involved in the integration of hepatocyte genes, integrating its components with hepatocyte DNA and RNA genes, so many scholars believe that hepatitis B cannot be negative. Can't turn negative because its genes have been involved.
It has recently been discovered that hepatitis B virus itself is unlikely to cause cell death. The cell membrane has a physiological function called vomiting. The cell itself can excrete foreign matter in the cell called vomiting. If the cell membrane is under normal conditions, it performs deformation movement. It retracts and the virus flashes outside the cell membrane, and then the cell membrane is When it returns to normal, it pushes the virus out of the cell membrane. At this time, the phagocytic cells surround and then phagocytose it, and the cells return to normal conditions. Where is the problem with hepatitis B patients? After hepatitis B virus enters the liver cells and participates in gene integration, the cell membrane function declines. It changes during the process of vomiting: the vomiting power can not smoothly circulate the virus outside the cell membrane, but the virus is embedded in the cell membrane and stuck in the cell. Can not be separated. Macrophages in human body, this cell is very large, it finds that food should be eaten, the cell membrane should be wrapped, and it (macrophage) can not eat, it releases a lot of lysozyme, which dissolves the liver cell membrane and causes liver cells to die. The virus forms active cells inside, which causes connective tissue hyperplasia, portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, which make its pathological changes.
Experts have suggested that "prevention" is not only reflected in the infection, but also in the different stages of the disease after infection.
Patients with chronic hepatitis B should have corresponding preventive measures at different stages. For example, carriers of hepatitis B virus should be observed for a long time, followed up regularly, and reviewed on time, paying attention to the direction of disease development. Patients with hepatitis B should be treated in time to prevent disease. In the direction of cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis meets the indications for antiviral therapy. Under the premise of economic conditions, antiviral therapy with interferon or nucleoside drugs can be used. For patients who do not meet antiviral therapy, liver protection can be performed first. Auxiliary treatment of enzyme-lowering yellowing.
Patients with chronic hepatitis B should be reviewed regularly, especially those who receive antiretroviral therapy. Liver histology can be performed in qualified hospitals. Patients with cirrhosis can be examined regularly for endoscopy, and regular imaging studies can be performed to see if cancerous changes occur. A hardened person can have a liver transplant if conditions permit.
Important factors inducing fatty liver
Half of obese people may have mild fatty liver, but the incidence of fatty liver in severely obese patients can reach 61%.
Obese people have increased the release of fatty acids and free fatty acids in the body due to increased adipose tissue in the body, which has become the main energy supply substance of the body, and the utilization of glucose is reduced. In general, the use of glucose is reduced, and the increase in blood glucose levels can stimulate insulin secretion to inhibit the release of free fatty acids. However, when the body fat is increased in a large amount, even if it is inhibited by insulin, the absolute amount of free fatty acid released increases. Excessive fatty acids enter the liver and become triglycerides, thus forming fatty liver. This is the basic principle why obese people are prone to fatty liver.
In addition, the intake of high-calorie diets in obese patients is also a factor in the formation of fatty liver. The accumulation of intrahepatic fat is directly proportional to body weight, and the degree of fatty liver is reduced in obese patients after weight control. On the contrary, weight gain and fatty liver are also aggravated. This shows that fatty liver in obese patients is part of the total fat in the body. Fatty liver can be improved by reducing the amount of nutrients and controlling body weight.
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